A Robinson Crusoe story in the fossil record: Plant-insect interactions from a Middle Jurassic ephemeral volcanic island (Eastern Spain)

We present here the first record of plant-insect interactions from an ephemeral volcanic island that was placed 150 km away nearest continental mass. The formed and destroyed during Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) in a shallow sea southwestern Tethyan realm corresponding today to place located eastern Spain. These were mainly documented leaves Cycadophytes (comprising both Cycads Bennettitales), they have been described classified into different Damage Types (DTs) Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs). assigned 11 DTs including types hole feeding, margin surface piercing sucking, mining(?), some putative ovipositional scars. presence these implies colonized by groups insects, orders such as Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, or Lepidoptera. low variety incidence comparing with other Middle Jurassic assemblages indicate diversity insects not high, possibly due difficulty reaching this various lineages, small size landmass island, limited food availability (mainly Cycadophytes). Possible colonization strategies could be atmospheric dispersion, using floating remains plants pterosaurs vectors, active flight for Lepidoptera, rafting marine currents flightless insects. • First study Iberian Peninsula. Comparison mid-Jurassic interactions. Identification possible culprits damages. Discussion on Jurassic.